
[Lewis H. Morgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_H._Morgan "Lewis H. Morgan") noted that tipi frames were 13 to 15 poles that were 4.6 to 5.5 metres (15–18 ft) tall. These poles, "after being tied together at the small ends, are raised upright with a twist so as to cross the poles above the fastening."[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipi#cite_note-Morgan114-38) The builders pull the lower ends out to form a circle about 3.0 metres (10 ft) in diameter on the ground. They stretch a covering of tanned and untanned buffalo hides, sewn together, over the frame, which they then secure with stakes at the base. "At the top there is an extra skin adjusted as a collar, so as to be open on the windward side to facilitate the exit of the smoke. A low opening is left for a doorway, which is covered with an extra skin used as a drop. The fire-pit and arrangements for beds are the same as in the Ojibwa lodge, grass being used in the place of spruce or hemlock twigs."[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipi#cite_note-Morgan114-38)


Wood stove vs. fire
	Fire
	- Indians
	Pro
	- Pleasant
	- Lots of heat
	Con
	- Brighter
	- More dangerous
	
	Stove
	- Mongols
	Pro
	- Efficient
	


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